Co-Creation-Workshop – für verantwortungsvollere und nachhaltigere KI, Daten und Technologie – ein Prototyp nach dem anderen

«Weil wir wollen, dass jede Zeile Code einen verantwortungsvollen und nachhaltig positiven Unterschied für die Welt macht.»

Am 26. März haben wir einen bemerkenswert vielfältigen Querschnitt unseres Programm- und Unterstützungs-Ökosystems zusammengebracht – von Forschenden, Fachleuten aus der Verwaltung sowie Verfechterinnen und Verfechtern von verantwortungsvoller KI und Open Source bis zu Business Angels, Philanthropinnen und Philanthropen und Praktikerinnen und Praktikern aus NGOs. In einem kraftvollen und energiegeladenen Co-Creation-Workshop haben wir die Zukunft des Prototype Fund Schweiz hinterfragt und gemeinsam gestaltet.

Das war weder eine Vernehmlassung noch eine Fokusgruppe, sondern eine echte gemeinsame Gestaltungsrunde – souverän geleitet von unserer Programmleiterin und Opendata.ch-Co-CEO Dr. Verena Kontschieder, dem hervorragenden Moderator David Suhr und dem Gast Sophie Tomlinson.

Die Mitglieder unserer Community mögen als Teilnehmende gekommen sein – gegangen sind sie als echte Mitgestaltende rund um verantwortungsvolle und nachhaltige KI, Daten und Technologie sowie um experimentelle Ansätze, wie sich diese steuern lassen, im Produkt wie in der Politik.

Gemeinsam haben wir untersucht, wie sich der Prototype Fund – ursprünglich ein Inkubator für Tech-for-Good-Projekte in der Frühphase – weiterentwickeln kann und welche Wege uns dorthin führen könnten. Herausgekommen sind Erkenntnisse, zu denen wir allein nicht gelangt wären: verankert in gelebter Erfahrung und geprägt von der Expertise, den ehrlichen Vorschlägen und den beruflichen Anliegen der Eingeladenen.

Mitten im Herzen verantwortungsvoller Technologie?

Als Gastgeberland des globalen KI-Gipfels 2027 sind wir stolz auf das einzigartige und faszinierende Ökosystem, in dem wir arbeiten dürfen.

Die Schweiz ist nicht nur ein europäischer Knotenpunkt für grosse, global tätige Tech-Unternehmen, sondern auch Heimat von Forschungszentren von Weltrang und blickt auf eine lange Tradition demokratischer, lokal verankerter Selbstverwaltung zurück.

Um bewusst auch Gemeinschaft zu stiften, haben wir den Workshop an einem Ort durchgeführt, an dem gleichzeitig After the Algorithm stattfand – ein zehntägiges, immersives Festival zur KI-Kompetenz, das von Pensionierten bis zu Kindern alle auf eine Reise durch das algorithmische Denken mitnahm. Genau in diesem Nebeneinander von Globalem und zutiefst Lokalem finden ehrliche Gespräche über KI meist statt.

Was die Gespräche zutage gefördert haben

Fünf Themen haben sich in unseren Diskussionen deutlich herausgeschält:

Verantwortungsvolle KI braucht eine Methode, nicht nur ein Manifest. Der Begriff «verantwortungsvolle KI» läuft Gefahr, zum «Anspruch ohne Anwendung» zu werden.

Die Teilnehmenden waren in diesem Punkt wachsam: Wie setzen wir diese Prinzipien in echten Projekten um, unter echten Einschränkungen?

Die iterative, experimentelle Methodik des Prototype Fund ist ein Teil der Antwort. Globale Initiativen im experimentellen Daten- und KI-Bereich – etwa Policy-Prototypen, agile Governance oder Sandboxes – bieten nützliche Modelle, von denen wir lernen können.

Die Finanzierung von Public Interest Tech ist eine strukturelle Herausforderung. Philanthropische Budgets sind knapp, und Risikokapital bleibt auf die Rendite fokussiert – umso dringlicher wird für uns die Frage, wie sich Tech for Good in grossem Massstab finanzieren lässt.

Eine Person fragte pointiert, ob verantwortungsvolle und nachhaltige KI überhaupt an Gewinnmargen gemessen werden sollte.

Der Prototype Fund sieht hier eine Chance darin,

  • Netzwerke gleichgesinnter Geldgeber aufzuzeigen,
  • Partnerschaften zu vermitteln und
  • Public Interest Tech mit eigenen Argumenten zu begründen.

Die demokratische DNA der Schweiz ist ein Vorteil. Die föderale Verteilung der Macht und die Kultur der Mitbestimmung eröffnen eine besondere Chance: Kann dieses Land seine subsidiären Strukturen über mehrere Ebenen nutzen, damit KI tatsächlich im Leben der Menschen und in den Gemeinden ankommt? Das war eine der fruchtbarsten Fragen des Tages, und sie beschäftigt uns weiter.

Was «Swissness» ausmacht, kann ein strategischer Vorteil sein. Die Teilnehmenden ermutigten uns, die künftige Arbeit des Prototype Fund in Bereichen zu verankern, in denen die Schweiz echte Tiefe hat: ökologische Nachhaltigkeit, demokratische Infrastruktur, öffentlicher Nutzen und digitale Souveränität. Das sind nicht nur Felder nationaler Expertise – sie könnten gut auch die prägenden Themen des Gipfels 2027 werden.

Komplexe Herausforderungen verlangen mehr Koordination. Die wirkungsvollste Antwort ist eine zielgerichtete Abstimmung zwischen Institutionen. Netzwerke sichtbar machen, Herausforderungen teilen, Verantwortung verteilen und über Silos hinweg gemeinsame Sache machen – das gehört vielleicht zum Wirksamsten, was eine Organisation wie der Prototype Fund tun kann.

Warum uns das wichtig ist

Der Prototype Fund hat fünf Jahre investiert, um zu zeigen, dass sich Technologie von Anfang an mit Blick auf eine positive gesellschaftliche Wirkung entwickeln lässt. Das vermitteln wir. Und ein Workshop wie dieser – unordentlich und konstruktiv zugleich, echt gemeinsam und auf Umsetzung ausgerichtet – ist unsere Art, diesem Anspruch treu zu bleiben.

Danke allen, die dabei waren und ihre Expertise und Offenheit mitgebracht haben. Ein besonderer Dank geht an Sophie Tomlinson von der Datasphere Initiative, David Suhr von Consense Philanthropy Consulting sowie an unser Team von Prototype Fund und Opendata.ch. Diese Arbeit gehört uns allen.

Unsere nächste Projektausschreibung steht bald an. Wenn ihr Teil unseres Ökosystems werden wollt – als Teilnehmende oder als Partner in der Umsetzung –, meldet euch bei uns.

Wollt ihr wissen, wie es weitergeht? Abonniert unseren Newsletter!

Prototyping journey Insights: QLever — Making Data Smarter, Faster, and More Sustainable

As our world becomes increasingly data-driven, the way information moves between systems matters as much as the data itself. Today, when graph databases exchange information using SPARQL — the standard query language of the Semantic Web — the process is surprisingly inefficient. Every exchange of federated data involves sending long text strings over the network, creating massive overhead, latency, and energy use.

The QLever project, supported by the Prototype Fund, set out to change that. Their mission: to make SPARQL federation — and by extension, open data exchange — dramatically faster and more sustainable.

“We realised that a lot of energy and time was being wasted not in the computation itself, but simply in how data was represented and transmitted,” explains the QLever team. “So we asked: what if we could make that exchange more compact — without changing how people use SPARQL?”


From Text to Binary: Rethinking Data Exchange

The team developed a new binary mapping mechanism that replaces long text strings with compact 64-bit integer identifiers. A shared lookup table keeps track of which number represents which string.

This simple but powerful shift turns SPARQL communication from text-based to binary, slashing network traffic and speeding up data transfer — especially in cases where the same identifiers appear repeatedly. The result: less bandwidth, lower latency, and reduced energy use.

“In essence, we taught the databases to ‘speak in numbers’ rather than words,” says the team. “It’s faster, lighter, and much more sustainable.”


Beyond Federation: A Broader Impact

Originally, this innovation was designed for federated queries in life sciences datasets such as UniProt and Rhea. But once tested on large public data collections like OpenStreetMap and Wikidata, the team discovered that the approach had far wider applications.

“That was the breakthrough moment,” they recall. “We realised that our method didn’t just make SPARQL federation faster — it improved QLever’s core storage and indexing efficiency too.”

This insight prompted a major pivot: instead of treating the new mapping as an experimental add-on, the team decided to integrate it directly into QLever’s main engine, bringing benefits to all users much sooner than planned.


Breaking Records — Sustainably

The impact was immediate and measurable. Using the new system, QLever indexed 800 billion OpenStreetMap triples in just 5.4 terabytes of disk space — roughly an order of magnitude smaller than commercial systems such as AWS Neptune, which requires about 128 TB for 500 billion triples.

This wasn’t just a technical win; it was proof that efficient data infrastructure can also be sustainable infrastructure.

“Seeing those numbers was our real success moment,” says the team. “It showed that efficiency and sustainability go hand in hand — and that open-source tools can lead the way.”


What Comes Next

The next phase focuses on integrating the binary exchange mechanism into full SPARQL federation and showcasing its potential for distributed and bandwidth-limited environments, such as connected vehicles or open data platforms.

By combining technical excellence with environmental responsibility, QLever is setting a new benchmark for the Semantic Web community — demonstrating that the future of data isn’t just about speed or scale, but sustainability through design.

Prototyping journey Insights: Zero Power Indicators: Designing Technology That Rests

What if technology could tell us something — without constantly demanding our attention?

The current Prototype Fund ZPI project by GaudiLabs has been exploring that question through the Zero Power Indicator (ZPI) — an open hardware project aiming to replace power-hungry LEDs with a no-power, minimalist indicator. The idea is simple but radical: create an indicator that only consumes energy when changing state, not when showing it.

As everyday electronics multiply, these small glowing lights quietly waste energy and subtly signal a culture that never truly powers down. ZPI challenges this — technically, environmentally, and philosophically.

Building the Prototype

Over the past months, Miranda and Urs have been researching, prototyping, and testing technologies that could make “always-on” indicators a thing of the past. The goal: to find solutions that are energy-efficient, open, and accessible — not just in code or licensing, but in how they can be made and replicated by others.

The team’s now at a crossroads in development, deciding which technology to take forward into a demonstrator prototype. But along the way, learnings have reshaped how they think about open hardware itself.

What We’ve Learned

  1. Openness is more than a license.
    A design that requires expensive equipment or proprietary materials isn’t truly open. Accessibility in making — not just in publishing — matters most.
  2. Transparency equals sustainability.
    Proprietary systems often hide their environmental and human costs. Designing for repair, adaptability, and safe materials must be part of openness from the start.
  3. Sufficiency is a design principle.
    Sustainability isn’t just about efficiency — it’s about knowing when “enough” is enough. By focusing on sufficiency, Gaudi aim to make technologies that support balance rather than excess.

A Gentle Pivot

“Originally, we planned to finalize one prototype by the end of the Prototype Fund cycle. But as our research deepened, we realized the knowledge itself — our comparative findings and fabrication methods — might be more valuable than a single demonstrator.”, say the ZPI team leads in the Prototype Fund, Miranda and Urs.

“So we’ve shifted focus to publish an open comparative report and fabrication notes, allowing others to explore zero-power indication across different contexts and technologies.”

This pivot embraces the diversity of approaches rather than narrowing them down.

Success Moments

In true GaudiLabs fashion, our success has been steady and intentional. Feedback from people tired of glowing screens and blinking LEDs has affirmed the direction: there’s a growing appetite for calm, non-invasive technologies.

And on a more playful note — watching colors change, particles move, and materials respond to tiny electrical pulses has been pure magic. It reminds us why we build: to make technology a little more human, and a lot more gentle.

What’s Next

ZPI finalizes their report and documentation — to be published openly on a Nextcloud repository — so others can explore, replicate, and adapt ZPI in their own contexts.ZPI is part of our continuing effort to design technology that respects both energy and attention — inviting devices – and us as humans – to sometimes rest.

Prototyping journey Insights: impACT for Companies — Turning Sustainability Intent into Collective Action

Acting  for sustainability often feels overwhelming, impossible, and, these days, sometimes not so important anymore. Between corporate inertia, moralising narratives, and the feeling that “someone else should go first”, action is often delayed indefinitely.

The team behind impACT for Companies, supported by the Prototype Fund, decided to tackle this “triangle of inaction” head-on. Their mission: to mobilise employees and organisations to take meaningful, concrete steps toward sustainability.

“The challenge isn’t a lack of awareness,” the team explains. “It’s that people feel disempowered — they don’t know where to start, or they think their actions don’t matter. We wanted to change that dynamic.”

From Research to Co-Design

The impACT project began with a deep listening phase. The team engaged in interviews and workshops with companies, sustainability experts, consultants, and researchers to understand the real needs behind corporate sustainability efforts.

One key insight quickly emerged: companies were looking for a tool that bridges individual motivation and organisational goals — something that would help employees feel part of a shared journey rather than isolated efforts.

To shape this vision, the team organised a co-design workshop with sustainability professionals, exploring how impACT could be integrated into existing strategies and workplace cultures. The result was a clear concept: a customisable app that allows companies to tailor sustainability challenges to their context, size, and sector.

Designing for Engagement and Flexibility

impACT for Companies is now entering its technical development phase, creating sector-specific actions and features. that encourage people to take action at their level in their organisation – employees, leaders, everyone can contribute at their level of responsibilities. Working together also fosters community, motivation, and shared purpose inside organisations.

“One of our biggest learnings,” says the team, “was the importance of flexibility. Each company has its own culture and priorities, so a one-size-fits-all solution simply doesn’t work. impACT needs to be adaptable — that’s how real change scales.”

Another powerful insight came from the level of interest shown by both companies and public institutions, which validated the project’s direction and highlighted the growing demand for action-oriented sustainability tools.

Small Actions, Big ripples

The project’s most rewarding moment so far came when unexpected users became advocates. People who had never considered themselves “environmentalists” found meaning and joy in completing challenges — and soon became ambassadors for change in their workplaces.

“Watching people light up as they realise they can make a difference — that’s when it clicked for us,” the team shares. “It confirmed that impACT is more than an app. It’s a movement toward collective empowerment.”

Looking Ahead

The team is now preparing to pilot impACT for Companies in real-world environments — from businesses to municipalities — and adapt it based on hands-on feedback.

For those curious to explore the citizen version of impACT, it’s already live and running:
👉 www.impact-ch.ch (currently available in French)

With each new user, conversation, and challenge completed, impACT continues to demonstrate that change doesn’t start with perfection — it starts with participation.

Apply by 20 March: The Prototype Fund’s Application Phase is Now Open!

The wait is over – applications for the Prototype Fund are officially open! 🚀 In this round, we’re focusing on sustainable digitalization and digital sufficiency. We believe that we must make digital technology part of the solution – not the problem – to achieve a net-zero future.

We’re inviting developers, researchers, activists, and innovators passionate about creating tech for the common good to apply by 20 March 2025.

What’s in it for you?

Successful applicants will receive:

  • Up to CHF 100,000 to develop your open-source project.
  • Personalized coaching and tailored workshops.
  • Access to a vibrant network of experts and peers.

In just six months, you’ll transform your idea into a working prototype.


Join Upcoming Events During the Application Phase

💡 Concept Workshops – 6 & 26 February 2025
Refine your ideas to prep for submission, obtain additional expert insights, and maximize your potential with hands-on workshops in Zurich and online. RSVP and event details here.

Applications are open from 23 January to 20 March 2025. For details on how to apply, head to prototypefund.ch/en.

Let’s make technology that works for the planet – not against it. We can’t wait to see your ideas come to life!

Swiss IGF: How do net zero and digital transformation come together?

A hot topic of this year’s Swiss Internet Governance Forum was the ecological footprint of digitalization. A discussion between Jan Bieser (Berner Fachhochschule BFH), Dr. Mira Wolf-Bauwens (IBM Research) and our director Florin Hasler delivered valuable insights. The panelists agreed that after several decades of optimism about efficiency and technology, it is now time to take account of the rebound effects and ecological costs. Technology should only be used where it actually adds a net value. This requires bold moves. In that regard, there is a lot of potential in re-using existing infrastructure, code and LLMs. This will not be possible without the willingness to change – together. 

With the Prototype Fund, we create a space where teams can actively work on projects to help shaping the necessary conditions. By setting examples, we will hopefully succeed in incentivising digitally sufficient solutions on a broad scale in the future. Thanks to Joséphine von Mitschke-Collande and Francesca Giardina from Stiftung Mercator for coordinating this session and to Sylke Gruhnwald for the excellent moderation. Let’s move!

Updated Prototype Fund Handbook

Have you ever wondered how the Prototype Fund works? You’ll find the answer in our new manual! We revisited the last edition, added new learnings to the document and created an English version. „The Prototype Fund provides low-threshold funding from public sponsors or the third sector for good, innovative open source software. For us, innovation doesn’t just mean developing a completely new technology, but also to use new or innovative methods to achieve greater societal impact in the sense of using technology sustainably. In this way, more people are empowered to utilise their talents for the common good.“ 

Download the handbook:

Feel free to get in touch with us for any further questions!

Prototypen für die systemische Transformation.

Alle reden über Netto-Null – wie aber erreichen wir gemeinsam dieses Ziel? Die finale Antwort kennen auch wir nicht. Womit wir jedoch dienen können, ist ein erprobtes, methodisch strukturiertes Förderprogramm, das interdisziplinären Teams nachweislich dabei hilft, menschenzentriert und kollaborativ technologische Lösungen für komplexe gesellschaftliche Probleme zu entwickeln: Willkommen beim Prototype Fund.

Seit drei Jahren unterstützen wir die Entwicklung von Projekten im Bereich Civic- und Public Interest Tech. Nun ergänzen wir unseren Förderfokus um ein drittes Thema: Digitale Suffizienz. Die Definition, mit der wir dabei arbeiten, basiert u.a. auf dem Paper «Digital sufficiency: conceptual considerations for ICTs on a finite planet». Vier Dimensionen digitaler Suffizienz werden darin genannt, die, kurz zusammengefasst, folgende Themenbereiche umfassen:

  1. Hardwaresuffizienz – weniger Geräte, dafür langlebiger, reparierbar und aufrüstbar;
  2. Softwaresuffizienz – energieeffiziente und datensparsame Software; 
  3. Nutzungssuffizienz – der energie- und ressourcensparsame Einsatz digitaler Technologien bzw. der Einsatz digitaler Technologie, um Suffizienz-Praktiken zu fördern;
  4. Ökonomische Suffizienz – der Einsatz energie- und ressourcensparender digitaler Technologien zur Steigerung der Arbeitsproduktivität, zur Förderung der Kreislaufwirtschaft etc.

Ab 2024 unterstützen wir jährlich mindestens zwei Projekte, die sich explizit dem neuen Förderfokus widmen. Gemeinsam mit euch wollen wir dabei herausfinden und definieren, wo und wie digitale Suffizienz gefördert werden muss, um zu einer nachhaltigeren gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung beizutragen.

Warum Suffizienz und Prototype Fund so gut zusammenpassen.

Technologische Tools haben das Potential, die Ressourcen- und Energieeffizienz sowie die Kreislaufwirtschaft zu fördern und so zu einer CO2-neutralen Welt beizutragen. Gegenläufige Rebound- und Induktionseffekte können wiederum dazu führen, dass die Umweltbelastung durch Digitalisierung und technologische Innovationen ganzheitlich und langfristig betrachtet nicht abnimmt oder sogar steigt. 

Schon im Entwicklungsprozess neuer digitaler Lösungen gilt es daher, solch potentiellen Negativeffekten entgegenzusteuern. Nur so lässt sich gewährleisten, dass Technologie erfolgreich zur Dekarbonisierung beiträgt. Mit dem Prototype Fund fördern wir Projekte in genau dieser frühen Entwicklungsphase – und wollen deshalb den Suffizienzgedanken noch stärker als bisher in der Tech-Community und in unserer Programmstruktur verankern.

Damit tragen wir der Tatsache Rechnung, dass es für die Bewältigung der globalen Multikrise unserer Überzeugung nach mehr systemische Lösungsansätze braucht. Wir müssen weg vom Narrativ allmächtiger Tech-Genies, weg vom Solutionism und hin zu holistischen, kollaborativen bottom-up Lösungen. Aufgrund seiner speziellen Förderstruktur hat der Prototype Fund grosses Potential, eben diesen Transformationsprozess erfolgreich zu unterstützen. Dieses Potential wollen wir gemeinsam mit euch nutzen. 

So fördern wir digitale Suffizienz.

Eingereicht werden können bei uns weiterhin Software- sowie Hardware-Projekte. Wir ermutigen jedoch explizit auch dazu, sich mit Projekten zu bewerben, die digitale Suffizienz mit anderen Mitteln fördern. Im Zweifelsfall gilt also: Selbst wenn Code und Lötkolben bei eurer Projektidee zur Suffizienz nur die zweite Geige spielen, solltet Ihr es ruhig bei uns versuchen. Auch anhand eurer Projektideen werden wir dazulernen, was Suffizienz im digitalen Kontext alles bedeuten kann. 

Neben den zwei Projekten, die explizit eine dieser vier Dimensionen adressieren, fördern wir nach wie vor auch solche Projekte, die nicht primär auf Suffizienz abzielen. Wir empfehlen jedoch allen Bewerber:innen, sich schon in der Bewerbungsphase mit dem Thema vertraut zu machen und das eigene Konzept auf potentielle Beiträge zur digitalen Suffizienz hin zu überprüfen. Falls ihr unsicher seid, ob eure Idee zu unserem Fokusthema passt, könnt ihr uns gerne per Mail kontaktieren und eure Fragen stellen – ihr erreicht uns unter

Weitere Informationen zum Fokusthema «Suffizienz» erscheinen zu Beginn der nächsten Bewerbungsphase (Herbst 2024) hier bei uns auf der Website. Wenn ihr den Start der Bewerbungsphase nicht verpassen wollt, abonniert am besten unseren Newsletter und folgt uns auf LinkedIn oder Mastodon.

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Wer sich schon jetzt ausführlicher mit dem Thema «Digitale Suffizienz» beschäftigen will, findet Informationen u.a. unter unten stehenden Links:

Subtract | The untapped science of less
Klimaschutz durch digitale Technologien (UZH)
Digital Reset
Digitalisierung und Umwelt / Estermann BFH
Digital Sufficiency – Conceptual Considerations…
https://www.one-planet-lab.ch/post/welche-strategien-gibt-es-um-eine-nachhaltige-entwicklung-voranzutreiben
Jenseits der „Grünen Ökonomie“
Digitalization, Efficiency and the Rebound Effect
Don’t reduce your footprint!
Leseempfehlungen zum Thema «Digitale Suffizienz»

Digital Verifiability: What You Need to Know

by Tim Reutemann, Climate Gains

tldr: Very few digital structures are actually verifiable. However, the cost of faking data varies widely by data type and the verification methods, making some data formats are more suitable for verification than others. As a rule of thumb, richer data is more expensive to fake. Public-Private Key cryptography provides some useful tools, but is in and of itself insufficient to ensure verifiability.

Verifiability of digital data and the Paris Agreement

Historically, public funds for climate action have attracted various fraudsters, making donors extremely skeptical. It is also in the nature of international climate collaboration that the people closest to the action have most to gain by lying about the size of the impact. Thus most climate funds and donors prefer to pay for verified impacts only. However, the more scientifically literate donors also understand that the non-existence of an invisible trace gas – the actual “impact” of a climate action – can only be monitored and verified by proxy. Thus the common understanding is that the verification focuses on the monitor-able actions instead.

In my classic example, the real-world action it thus requires verification of a energy efficient stove actually being used to prepare meals in a school.

Making those real-world actions verifiable in a digital native way is crucial in today’s world where almost all data is processed and stored electronically. Even more critically, only digital verification methods can scale without proportionally scaling the cost of verification and thus limiting the speed of scale up of climate action. However, with the constant threat of cyber attacks and fraud, it’s important to understand what verifiability means in the digital world.

The Core Problem

At its core, the problem with digital verifiability is the deep uncertainty of digital systems. Even when a system is considered “secure,” it’s may be only a matter of time until a vulnerability is discovered and exploited. So the recommendations at the end of this article can only be a snapshot of the state of verifiability at the time of publication.

However, all digital data, whether it’s a photo, video, or a series of numbers, is just a binary — a long series of 1101011011101… This means that digital verifiability largely boils down to mathematics. Fortunately, those underlying mathematical properties have remained solid for a long time. There is one mathematical threshold concept without which discussions of digital verifiability is not viable: Asymmetric cost of computation. If you do not know what those words mean, please read the footnote at this end of the article before continuing.

Verifiability of Data Types

Not all data formats are equally verifiable. Some data formats are very hard to fake, while others are almost impossible to verify. Here are three categories of data formats based on their verifiability:

Mathematically Verifiable Data
These are data formats for which there are no known mathematical tricks to break, even with the most powerful computers. Examples of such data include RSA signatures confirming the upload timestamp of a file and the hash of a file, which confirms that the data has not changed since its upload. However, the drawback of this type of data is that it requires reliable private key management, an eldritch art only mastered by a few elite hackers.

Somewhat Verifiable Data
These data formats are in an ongoing arms race against fake data generation technologies, but they currently have the lead. It’s generally cheaper to be truthful with this type of data than to lie, and the difference in effort increases with resolution of the data. Examples of such data include audiovisual data such as videos and satellite images. The underlying math has an asymmetric cost of computation, but the asymmetry is not as extreme as for RSA signatures. Put simply, it is much harder to create a fake video than to detect a less-than-perfect fake, and the higher the resolution, the stronger this effect.

More often than not, these types of data are easier to verify for a human than for a computer — analog to the the “I’m not a robot” / captcha type of problem.

Unverifiable Data
These data formats are easily manipulated and indistinguishable from real data. It’s usually cheaper to fake this type of data than to collect the real data. Examples of such data include text, purely numeric data, data with predictable patterns (e.g. solar energy production can be predicted from weather data) and GPS data.

Verifiability in the digital world, requires an architecture that relies on the second type of data formats and thus makes it prohibitively expensive to create plausible fakes.

On Sensors

Sensors are pieces of hardware that record the physical response of a detector and encode it digitally. The most commonly found sensors are the microphones, cameras, gyroscopes and GPS sensors embedded in every smart phone. Any monitoring system relying exclusively on smart phones can thus rapidly scale over large areas.

While the idea of custom made sensors (e.g. thermometers inside a stove) may sound appealing enough to ignore all privacy concerns, their verifiability is complicated — especially if their technical specifications, including the source code of all drivers and the logic circuits of their electronics is proprietary. Unless the sensor is an actual “secure hardware environment”, the data generated by a thermometer is just purely numeric data and thus falls into the “unverifiable” category.

Tools and Recommendations

Given the extremely low cost and wide availability of smart phone cameras, There is simply no excuse for NOT requiring video evidence for a climate action.

While it is very well possible to lie with a camera by framing and deliberate choice to exclude parts of the real situation from the image, this can be counteracted by enforcing a “script” on video recordings. The cost of creating entirely fake videos is dramatically increased by the addition of such requirements.

One requirement that we use is a 360 degree camera rotation or camera movements from panoramic outdoor view into a room without cuts.

Another requirement that greatly increases the cost of faking a recording is to include a random element in the script that is revealed only shortly prior to the recording — this trick limits the time available to fake the video to the period between the reveal of the random element and the (verifiable) upload date.

Further, the videos can be accompanied by additional weaker data allowing for triangulation:

  • GPS Data can be combined with satellite pictures to locate the structures visible in the video (e.g. buildings, trees, hills) — we use the 360 degree shots for this purpose.
  • Gyroscope data recorded while filming should match the camera movement — adding to the difficulty of creating a fake.
  • Last but not least, verification can be supported by social data. For example, you can require recordings of interviews with local community leaders and keep reputation scores of the local change agents recording the data.

We have a prototype for this approach up and running with our new venture Climate Gains.

Footnote on Asymmetric Cost of Computation: The concept of asymmetric cost of computation refers to the idea that performing certain mathematical operations is much more difficult or resource-intensive in one direction compared to the opposite direction. This property is leveraged in various digital security systems, including public-private key cryptography. In these systems, it is computationally easy to encrypt a message, but difficult to decrypt it without the proper key. The idea of asymmetric cost is a critical component in understanding how digital security systems function and provides a framework for evaluating the feasibility of various verification methods.
Here is a basic explanation in a video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_FU9tZIo10 resp. as text https://maths.straylight.co.uk/archives/108. If you want to experience asymmetric calculation cost with your own brain, you can try this exercise: “Prime Factorization” is finding which prime numbers multiply together to make the original number.

Calculate the prime factorization for 8507.

Now multiply 181 and 47.
Which way was easier?

Become Part Of Our Team

We are looking for a dedicated individual with project management and communications experience to continue managing our Prototype Fund (and possibly more). Become part of an agile non-profit, a fantastic team and a great mission: fostering open technologies by and for the people in Switzerland!